Creating an accessible print document
Most people with sight loss are able to read print to some extent. RNIB recommends that print documents follow the ‘clear print’ standard for improved accessibility. You can download the Clear Print Checklist (PDF). Here are the basics for producing a clear and accessible print document:
Type size
The size of the type (known as point size) is a fundamental factor in legibility. We recommend a type size between 12 and 14 point (equivalent to a minimum x-height of 2mm or more ideally 2.3mm). The larger the minimum type size, the more people you will reach.
Contrast
The better the contrast between the background and the text, the more legible the text will be. Note that the contrast will be affected by the size and weight of the type. Black text on a white background provides best contrast.
Typeface
Avoid highly stylised typefaces, such as those with ornamental, decorative or handwriting styles.
Type styles
Blocks of capital letters, underlined or italicised text are all harder to read. A word or two in capitals is fine but avoid the use of capitals for continuous text. Underlining text or setting it in italics should always be avoided and an alternative method of emphasis used.
Leading
The space between one line of type and the next (known as leading) is important. As a general rule, the space should be 1.5 to 2 times the space between words on a line.
Type weight
People with sight problems often prefer bold or semi-bold weights to normal ones. Avoid light type weights.
Numbers
If you print documents with numbers in them, choose a typeface in which the numbers are clear. Readers with sight problems can easily misread 3, 5, 8 and 0.
Word spacing and alignment
Keep to the same amount of space between each word. Do not condense or stretch lines of type. We recommend aligning text to the left margin as it is easy to find the start of the next line and keeps the spaces even between words. We advise that you avoid justified text as the uneven word spacing can make reading more difficult.
Columns
Make sure the margin between columns clearly separates them. If space is limited, use a vertical rule.
Reversing type
If using white type, make sure the background colour is dark enough to provide sufficient contrast.
Setting text
Avoid fitting text around images if this means that lines of text start in a different place, and are therefore difficult to find. Set text horizontally as text set vertically is extremely difficult for a partially sighted reader to follow. Avoid setting text over images or textures as this will affect the contrast.
Forms
Partially sighted people tend to have handwriting that is larger than average, so allow extra space on forms. This will also benefit people with conditions that affect the use of their hands, such as arthritis.
Navigational aids
It is helpful if recurring features, such as headings and page numbers, are always in the same place. A contents list and rules to separate different sections are also useful. Leave a space between paragraphs as dividing the text up gives the eye a break and makes reading easier.
Printing
Avoid glossy paper because glare makes it difficult to read. Choose uncoated paper that weighs over 90gsm. As a general rule, if the text is showing through from the reverse side, then the paper is too thin.
- Date: July 2009